La 14 Pulungoana 2025, e tšoaea Letsatsi la bo19 la lefu la tsoekere la UN, ka sehlooho sa papatso "Lefu la Lefu la tsoekere le Bophelo bo Botle". E totobatsa ho beha ntlafatso ea bophelo ba batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere motheong oa litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba lefu la tsoekere, ho nolofalletsa bakuli ho natefeloa ke bophelo bo botle.
Lefatšeng ka bophara, batho ba baholo ba ka bang limilione tse 589 (ba lilemo li 20-79) ba na le lefu la tsoekere, e leng 11.1% (1 ho 9) ea sehlopha sena sa lilemo. Batho ba ka bang limilione tse 252 (43%) ha ba e-s'o fumanoe, ba tobane le kotsi e kholo ea mathata. Palo ea batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere e lebelletsoe ho nyolohela ho limilione tse 853 ka 2050, e leng keketseho ea 45%.
Etiology le Mefuta ea Clinical ea Lefu la tsoekere
Lefu la tsoekere ke letoto la li-syndromes tsa metabolic tse kenyelletsang tsoekere, protheine, mafura, metsi le li-electrolyte, tse bakoang ke lintlha tse fapaneng tsa pathogenic joalo ka liphatsa tsa lefutso, mathata a tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko le chefo ea tsona, chefo ea mahala, le lintlha tsa kelello tse sebetsang' meleng. Lintlha tsena li lebisa ho ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso ea li-islet, ho hanyetsa insulin, joalo-joalo. Ka meriana, e khetholloa haholo-holo ka hyperglycemia. Maemo a tloaelehileng a ka hlaha ka polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, le ho theola boima ba 'mele, tse tsejoang e le matšoao a "polys tse tharo le tahlehelo e le 'ngoe". E arotsoe ho latela mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1, Mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere, Gestational diabetes, le mefuta e meng e khethehileng ea lefu la tsoekere.
Diabetes Detection Biomarkers
Li-autoantibodies tsa Islet ke matšoao a timetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea lisele tsa pancreatic β mme ke matšoao a mantlha a tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere la autoimmune. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), insulin antibodies (IAA), le islet cell antibodies (ICA) ke matšoao a bohlokoa a immunological bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea lefu la tsoekere.
Liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse hore ho lemoha ho kopantsoeng ho ka ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho lemoha lefu la tsoekere la autoimmune. Ha palo e ntseng e eketseha ea li-antibodies tse teng pele ho nako, kotsi ea hore motho a hatele pele ho lefu la tsoekere e eketseha ka potlako.
Lipatlisiso li bontša:
● Batho ba nang le li-antibodies tse tharo kapa ho feta ba na le kotsi ea >50% ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa Pele nakong ea lilemo tse 5.
● Batho ba nang le li-antibodies tse peli ba na le monyetla oa 70% oa ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1 nakong ea lilemo tse 10, 84% nakong ea lilemo tse 15, 'me hoo e ka bang 100% ba tsoela pele ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1 ka mor'a lilemo tse 20 tsa ho latela.
● Batho ba nang le lesole le le leng la 'mele le nang le tšoaetso ba kotsing ea 14.5% feela ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa Pele nakong ea lilemo tse 10.
Kamora ho hlaha ha li-antibodies tse ntle, sekhahla sa tsoelo-pele ho lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1 se amana le mefuta ea li-antibodies tse ntle, lilemo tsa ponahalo ea antibody, bong le mofuta oa HLA.
Beier e fana ka liteko tse felletseng tsa lefu la tsoekere
Mekhoa ea letoto la lihlahisoa tsa lefu la tsoekere la Beier e kenyelletsa Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) le Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ho lemoha ho kopaneng ha li-biomarker ho thusa ho sibolloa ha pele, taolo ea bophelo bo botle ba pele, le kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere pele ho nako, ka ho etsa joalo ho ntlafatsa index ea bophelo ba batho.
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| Lebitso la Sehlahiswa |
| 1 | Anti-Islet Cell Antibody (ICA) Test Kit (CIA) / (ELISA) |
| 2 | Anti-Insulin Antibody (IAA) Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 3 | Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody (GAD) Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 4 | Tyrosine Phosphatase Antibody (IA-2A) Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
Litšupiso:
1. Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa lefu la tsoekere, Mokhatlo oa Sechaena oa Ngaka ea Sechaena Lekala la Endocrinologist, Mokhatlo oa Sechaena oa Endocrinology, et al. Tataiso ea tlhahlobo le kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 Chaena (khatiso ea 2021) [J]. Sechaena Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022, 14 (11): 1143-1250. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.
2. Komiti ea Litsebi tsa Lingaka tsa Basali ba Machaena ba Lefu la Lefu la tsoekere, Boto ea Bahlophisi ea Chinese Journal of Health Management, China Health Promotion Foundation. Tumellano ea litsebi mabapi le tlhahlobo le ho kenella bakeng sa batho ba kotsing e kholo ea lefu la tsoekere Chaena. Chinese Journal of Health Management, 2022, 16(01): 7-14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.
Nako ea poso: Nov-17-2025